Open Access Health Scientific Journal

Effectiveness of Peppermint Aromatherapy to Reduce Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnant Women in The First Trimester

Neneng Winengsih, Triana Triana, Risza Choirunissa — Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Emesis gravidarum is a condition of severe nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester that can cause serious complications such as dehydration and nutritional disorders. At the Jatibaru Health Center, Subang Regency, complaints of nausea and vomiting in the first trimester have increased, but effective non-pharmacological treatment is still limited. Peppermint aromatherapy, with its antiemetic menthol content, has been widely researched as a safe and effective therapeutic alternative to reduce these symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of peppermint aromatherapy in reducing the rate of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester.
Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest group control approach. A sample of 54 first-trimester pregnant women was divided into a treatment group (n=27) that received peppermint aromatherapy twice daily for seven days, and a control group (n=27) without intervention. Data were collected using the PUQE (Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis) Score and analyzed univariate and bivariate using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests.
Results: The average PUQE score of the treatment group decreased significantly from 10.56 (SD=1.188) to 5.33 (SD=1.038) after the intervention (p=0.000). The control group also experienced a decrease in score from 11.04 (SD=0.759) to 9.96 (SD=0.808) (p=0.000), but this decrease was smaller than that of the treatment group. Intergroup analysis showed a significant difference in the decrease in PUQE score (p=0.000), proving the effectiveness of peppermint aromatherapy in reducing symptoms of emesis gravidarum.
Conclusion: Peppermint aromatherapy is effective in significantly reducing the rate of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester at the Jatibaru Health Center, Subang Regency. This therapy can be a safe and practical non-pharmacological alternative to improve the comfort of pregnant women

Effectiveness and Physical Quality Test of Ashitaba Leaf Extract Exfoliating Toner against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes

Luluk Aniqoh Meliana Putri, Devita Riafinola Andaririt — Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Acne (acne vulgaris) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis, involving the sebaceous glands and excessive colonization of acne-causing bacteria. In the modern era, the trend of using natural cosmetics is gaining momentum, not only in Indonesia but also globally. An example of a plant with great potential is Ashitaba. Ashitaba leaves have antibacterial. This study aimed to observe the physical quality test and antibacterial test of ashitaba leaf extract toner against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.
Methods: The design in this study is an experimental method, physical quality tests include, Organoleptic tests are carried out visually, the components evaluated are the smell, shape, color and texture of the preparation, pH test and viscosity test. analysis of data from the physical quality test of the Ashitaba leaf extract facial toner, the physical characteristics of the preparation, including organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, and pH, of all three formulas met the parameters.
Results: The toner tested against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes bacteria had the largest inhibition zone, namely with an extract concentration of 20%.
Conclusion: The toner tested against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria with a 20% extract had the largest inhibition zone of 27.6 mm, while Propionibacterium acnes bacteria with a 20% extract had the largest inhibition zone of 27.9 mm

Antibacterial Potential of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Ethanolic Extract of Kopasanda Leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) Against Streptococcus Mutans

Ivan Junius Mesak, Mariana Kristiani — Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Streptococcus mutans is the primary bacterium responsible for dental caries. Continuous use of synthetic antibacterial agents may cause side effects; therefore, natural antibacterial alternatives are needed. Kopasanda leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) are known to contain bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial activity. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanolic extract of kopasanda leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) against Streptococcus mutans.
Methods: An experimental laboratory study was conducted using the agar well diffusion method with ethyl acetate fractions at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%. Gentamicin was used as the positive control and the solvent as the negative control. The inhibition zones were measured in millimeters and analyzed using One-Way ANOVA.
Results: The ethyl acetate fraction showed antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, with mean inhibition zone diameters of 11.33 mm, 13.49 mm, and 15.98 mm at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. The 20% concentration exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, and statistical analysis indicated a significant difference among treatments (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of kopasanda leaf extract (Chromolaena odorata L.) exhibits antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, with 20% being the most effective concentration.

The Effect of Clark’s Angle and Body Weight on Dynamic Balance in School-Aged Children

Rizqi Nurul Inayah, Ketut Laksmi Puspa Dewi, Enny Wulandari, Edy Waspada — Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Foot structure and body weight are considered important factors influencing dynamic balance in school-aged children. Dynamic balance in this study was assessed using the Functional Reach Test (FRT). This study aimed to analyze Effect of Clark’s Angle and Body Weight on Dynamic Balance in School-Aged Children.
Methods: This study employed an analytical observational cross-sectional design. A total of 58 children aged 9–12 years were recruited using purposive sampling. The independent variables included Clark’s Angle of the left and right feet and body weight, while the dependent variable was dynamic balance measured using the FRT. Data analysis consisted of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test and Pearson correlation analysis, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.
Results: The findings revealed a very strong positive correlation between Clark’s Angle and FRT scores for both the right foot (r = 0.808) and the left foot (r = 0.801). In contrast, body weight demonstrated a significant negative correlation with FRT (r = –0.569). An almost perfect correlation between left and right Clark’s Angle values (r = 0.994) indicated a high degree of bilateral foot morphology symmetry within the sample. Children with higher medial longitudinal arches exhibited better dynamic balance, whereas those with flat feet or higher body weight tended to show reduced dynamic balance performance.
Conclusion: Clark’s Angle is a significant predictor of dynamic balance in school-aged children, while increased body weight may adversely affect postural stability. Assessment of foot structure and body weight status should be incorporated into routine child health screening to support early intervention strategies aimed at improving motor development and balance.

The Effect of Education on the Utilization of Hypnotherapy in Antenatal and Intrapartum Care on Midwives’ Knowledge

Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Hypnotherapy is a non-pharmacological approach that has increasingly been applied in midwifery care, particularly in antenatal and intrapartum services, to assist pregnant women in managing anxiety and pain and to enhance comfort during childbirth. However, the utilization of hypnotherapy in health services remains limited, partly due to insufficient knowledge and understanding among midwives regarding its concepts and applications.
Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The study was conducted among midwives providing antenatal and intrapartum care in healthcare facilities. Samples were selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire measuring knowledge related to the utilization of hypnotherapy. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate statistical analyses.
Results: The findings demonstrated an increase in the mean knowledge scores of midwives after receiving education on hypnotherapy utilization compared to before the intervention. Statistically, education on hypnotherapy utilization had a significant effect on improving midwives’ knowledge.
Conclusion: Education on the utilization of hypnotherapy in antenatal and intrapartum care significantly improves midwives’ knowledge. These findings are expected to serve as a foundation for the development of training programs and the implementation of hypnotherapy as part of comprehensive midwifery care.

Determinants of Diarrhea Self-Medication Behavior Among Urban Housewives in Bekasi, Indonesia

Salman Salman, Marisah Marisah, Uway Wariah, Iha Nursolihah — Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Self-medication is the practice of treating oneself independently. If it is done reasonably and rationally, you will get benefits, but if it is done in a bad way, there is the potential for unexpected side effects from treatment. Self-medication efforts for diarrheal diseases are often carried out by the community, considering that diarrheal diseases are included in the top 10 diseases every year in Indonesia. In 2019, Bantargebang District had the highest number of diarrhea cases, with a total of 1,610 cases. Ciketingudik sub-district had the highest number of diarrhea cases with 76 cases.
Methods: This research used a quantitative cross-sectional design involving 229 homemakers with children aged 1–5 years in Ciketingudik Village, Bantargebang District, Bekasi City. The sample was selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a valid questionnaire to measure knowledge, attitude, environmental factors, the role of health workers, and self-medication behavior for diarrhea. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: The results showed that most respondents were aged 26–45 years, had a basic level of education, and were not formally employed. Statistical analysis showed that age, education, and employment were not significantly associated with self-medication for diarrhea. Conversely, knowledge, attitudes, environmental conditions, and the role of health workers were significantly associated with self-medication behavior. Respondents with good knowledge, positive attitudes, supportive environments, and active involvement of health workers were more likely to self-medicate appropriately for diarrhea.
Conclusion: self-medication for diarrhea among homemakers is influenced by cognitive, behavioral, environmental, and health system factors rather than by demographic characteristics. Strengthening health education, improving environmental conditions, and enhancing the role of health workers are essential strategies for promoting safe and rational self-medication practices and reducing diarrhea-related health risks in the community.

Analysis of Elderly Anxiety on The Level of Independence at The Tresna Werdha Blitar Social Service Unit in Tulungagung

Naya Adhisa paramitha, Dedi Saifulah, Heri Saputro — Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The elderly are prone to experiencing anxiety due to physical, psychological, social, and economic changes that can affect the level of independence in daily activities. This research is important to understand the relationship between anxiety and independence of the elderly in the social care environment.
Methods: This study uses a quantitative design with a cross sectional approach. The research population was all elderly at the Tresna Werdha Blitar Social Service Unit in Tulungagung, with a sample of 36 respondents using the total sampling technique. The research instruments included the GAD-7 questionnaire to measure anxiety and the Barthel ADL Index to assess the level of independence. Data analysis was carried out using the Spearman's rho test.
Results: The results showed that the majority of the elderly had a minimum level of anxiety as many as 17 respondents (47%), mild anxiety 14 respondents (39%), and moderate anxiety 5 respondents (14%). The level of independence of the elderly is mostly in the category of mild dependency as many as 22 respondents (61%). The Spearman's rho test showed a significant relationship between anxiety levels and independence levels with a value of p = 0.032 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: These findings indicate that the lower the level of anxiety, the higher the independence of the elderly. Psychological, physical, and social anxiety management interventions need to be optimized to increase the independence of the elderly in social institutions.

Effectiveness Of Video-Based Progressive Muscle Relaxation On Pain Intensity And Sleep Quality Among Patients With Osteoarthritis

Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease commonly associated with chronic pain and sleep disturbances, which significantly reduce patients’ quality of life. Persistent pain and poor sleep quality often interact bidirectionally, leading to worsening physical and psychological conditions. Therefore, effective, feasible, and non-pharmacological interventions are needed to manage pain and improve sleep quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of video-based progressive muscle relaxation on pain intensity and sleep quality among patients with osteoarthritis.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design was conducted in healthcare facilities in Pontianak, Indonesia. A total of 50 patients with osteoarthritis were recruited using purposive sampling and assigned to an intervention group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 25). The intervention group performed video-based progressive muscle relaxation once daily for seven consecutive days in addition to standard care, while the control group received standard care only. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test.
Results: The intervention group showed significantly greater reductions in pain intensity and improvements in sleep quality compared with the control group (p < 0.001). The magnitude of change in both outcomes was substantially higher in the intervention group, indicating a strong effect of video-based progressive muscle relaxation.
Conclusion: Video-based progressive muscle relaxation is effective in reducing pain intensity and improving sleep quality among patients with osteoarthritis. This intervention has important implications for nursing practice and health sciences, as it provides a practical, safe, and easily implemented non-pharmacological strategy to support self-care management in patients with chronic musculoskeletal conditions

Scoping Review: Determinants of Stunting in Children Under Five

Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Stunting in children under-five years old is a chronic nutritional problem caused by inadequate nutritional intake, maternal health, poor sanitation, and low socioeconomic conditions that have long-term impacts on children's growth and development. This study aimed to identify predictive factors for the incidence of stunting among children under five years old in Indonesia, drawing on prior studies.
Methods: This study used a scoping review approach. The PICO framework was used to search for articles and formulate research questions. The literature search was conducted using Google Scholar and the DOAJ. Data extraction for the seven eligible articles was conducted by seven individuals. Examining the article's abstract, research design, measurement techniques, data analysis, and title was the first step in the extraction phase. A tabular synthesis matrix was then constructed from the data summary to facilitate the analysis. Finally, we compared and contrasted each publication's methodology, study results, and empirical evidence from theoretical and conceptual perspectives. Of the seven articles considered for inclusion, seven reviewers extracted data.
Results: The results show that exclusive breastfeeding, drinking water quality, waste disposal, the availability of healthy toilet facilities, stunting, age, male gender, history of measles, family size, sanitation, father's occupation, provision of supplementary food, complementary feeding, maternal knowledge, and family support are significant determinants of the incidence of stunting.
Conclusion: One of the dominant factors influencing stunting in toddlers is exclusive breastfeeding.

Relationship Between Hygiene Factors and Motivation Factors With The Work Motivation Of Nurses in First-Level Health Facilities

Mhd. Latief Shihab Lubis, Al Muntazar — Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Work motivation is one of the factors that can affect nurses in providing health services to the community optimally. Incentives and recognition are still problems related to nurses' motivation at work. This study aimed to find out the factors that affect the work motivation of nurses in the Ciputat and East Ciputat District Health Centers in 2022. This study uses a quantitative approach.
Methods: The study design in this study is Cross sectional and the total sampling method with a sample of 62 people. The distribution of the frequency of work motivation of nurses in health centers includes high work motivation of 72.6%.
Result: There is a relationship between the variables of remuneration, work environment conditions, job security/sense of security, individual relationships, recognition, work, and self-development with the work motivation of nurses at the Ciputat and East Ciputat District Health Centers in 2022. the more it will increase the motivation of nurses at work.
Discussion: It is hoped that the health center will be able to implement supervision efforts well, give awards to nurses who achieve an achievement in order to increase the motivation of nurses in work.

The Effect Of Prenatal Exercise On Sleep Quality In Pregnant Women During The Third Trimester

Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Prenatal exercise is believed to enhance third-trimester sleep quality in expectant mothers, promoting physical well-being and preparing them for childbirth. This study aimed to analyze the effect of prenatal exercise on sleep quality in pregnant women during the third trimester.
Methods: This study is quantitative and quasi-experimental, employing a non-randomized one-group pretest-posttest design. This research was conducted at the Marista Sinaga Midwife Practice, Simpang Talas, Siak Regency, Riau Province, in 2024. The research was conducted in June 2024. The subjects of this research were all third-trimester pregnant women who presented for treatment at the Marista Sinaga Midwife Practice; a total of 30 participants were recruited through purposive sampling. The intervention in this study was prenatal exercise. Pre-and posttests assessing sleep quality were administered before and after the prenatal exercise. Sleep quality was measured using a questionnaire. The data analysis stage began with calculating the frequency distribution of respondent characteristics and the mean sleep quality score. Data analysis used a paired t-test because the data were normally distributed.
Results: The average sleep quality score before the intervention was 3.93; after the intervention, through prenatal exercise, it increased to 8.50. Prenatal exercise significantly affected sleep quality in pregnant women in the third trimester (p = <0.001)
Conclusion: Prenatal exercise significantly affects sleep quality in pregnant women in the third trimester

Analysis Of Factors On Adolescent Mental Health in Cikulur District, Lebak Regency, Banten, Indonesia

Vivi Silawati, Lusi Oktaviani, Siti Syamsiah — Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Adolescents generally have good physical and mental health. However, due to various disturbances, they are vulnerable to mental health issues. Mental health has become a global issue, including in Indonesia, affecting nearly 350 million people worldwide (WHO, 2023). Objective: To examine the influence of body weight, psychological resilience, emotional state, self-confidence, academic performance, and social support on adolescent mental health.
Methods: This study used a descriptive approach with an ex post facto design. The sample consisted of 89 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire, and multiple linear regression analysis was employed.
Results: Among the adolescents surveyed, 12 (13.5%) had abnormal mental health, 19 (21.3%) were classified as borderline, and 58 (65.2%) had normal mental health. Regarding body weight, 14 (15.7%) were underweight, 59 (66.3%) had normal weight, and 16 (18%) were overweight. Psychological resilience levels were low in 14 respondents (15.7%), moderate in 46 (51.7%), and high in 29 (32.6%). Emotional state analysis showed that 13 respondents (14.6%) had abnormal emotional conditions, 19 (21.3%) were borderline, and 57 (64%) were normal. Self-confidence levels were low in 12 respondents (13.5%), moderate in 72 (80.9%), and high in 5 (5.6%). In terms of academic performance, 74 (83.1%) had adequate grades, 12 (13.5%) had good grades, and 3 (3.4%) had excellent grades. Social support was low for 11 respondents (12.4%), moderate for 69 (77.5%), and high for 9 (10.1%). All variables showed statistically significant results (p-value: 0.000 < 0.05), indicating a relationship between body weight, psychological resilience, emotional state, self-confidence, and social support with adolescent mental health among middle school students in Cikulur District. Among these factors, emotional state exhibited the strongest correlation with mental health, as evidenced by a Pearson correlation value of 0.980.
Conclusion: The study indicates that body weight, psychological resilience, emotional state, selfconfidence, and social support are significantly related to adolescent mental health. Recommendations: Adolescents should enhance their social interactions and engage in positive activities within their environment. Additionally, they should set clear goals for their future aspirations

The Effectiveness of the “Father-Supportive Breastfeeding” Program on Readiness of Breastfeeding Mothers

Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (ASI) during six month First life still become standard gold in nutrition baby who is not replaced by products whatever. Globally, the latest data show There is increase, number exclusive breastfeeding still 48%, which means more from half babies in the world do not get right optimal nutrition. Failure in exclusive breastfeeding play a role to height number death baby consequence infection channel respiratory and diarrheal diseases in low- income countries low and middle.
Methods: Type of research This is observational with cross-sectional design. sample with use total sampling technique. Sample data obtained through questionnaire. Research carried out in Bangun Rejo Village with with sample is all fathers who have baby age 6–12 months with total number of 40 people. Sampling technique sample using total sampling. Instrument study in the form of questionnaire closed which has been tested validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with level significance 0.05
Results: Based on table on can seen the majority of 16 respondents (40%) were less Ready breast-feed with good breastfeeding fathers and minorities readiness breast-feed as many as 7 respondents (17.5%) with beastfeeding father is good. Statistical test results with using the chi square test, obtained result 0.014 < α = 0.05, can concluded There is effectiveness of the “Father-Supportive Breastfeeding” Program on readiness Mother breastfeeding. Important factors that influence success breastfeeding is one of them is readiness a mother. Readiness Mother for the breastfeeding process, attitudes and behavior Mother is part from maturity Mother in decide as well as prepare before provide exclusive breastfeeding.
Conclusion: Father-Supportive Breastfeeding Program effective in increase success of exclusive breastfeeding in mothers breastfeeding, so that father involvement through support emotional, informational, and instrumental evidence contribute to increasing success Mother in maintain exclusive breastfeeding until baby aged six month. Father's support plays a role important in increase breastfeeding self-efficacy mother, reduce stress during the postpartum period, as well as create environment conducive family for practice breastfeeding. A program that is special targeting capable fathers strengthen the role of the father as an integral part of system support breastfeeding, not only as companion passive, so that impact evident in behavior breast-feed Mother.

Disaster Resilience Analysis in Vulnerable Groups Through Contingency Planning And Community-Based Emergency Services in the Martubung Region Medan City, North Sumatra Province, 2026

Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Vulnerable groups are at high risk of being impacted by disasters and therefore require increased resilience through contingency planning and community-based emergency services. This study aimed to analyze changes in vulnerable groups' knowledge regarding disaster resilience before and after community-based contingency planning and emergency education interventions.
Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with analytical research using a pretest–posttest design without a control group. The sample consisted of 32 vulnerable group respondents in the Martubung area. The instrument was a knowledge questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and comparatively.
Results: The research also showed that participants experienced an increase in knowledge during the post-test. The pre-test results showed that the majority of respondents had insufficient knowledge (87.5%). After the intervention, there was an increase in knowledge, with 46.9% of respondents categorized as good and sufficient, respectively.
Conclusion: Community-based contingency planning and emergency services effectively increase the knowledge of vulnerable groups in disaster preparedness and resilience

Analysis of Factors Related to Nutritional Status in Toddlers with Stunting

Naomi Maria Welmince Ado, Retno Widowati, Risza Choirunissa — Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Stunting is a condition in which toddlers are shorter than average for their age. Stunting is a serious nutritional problem. This condition can have serious impacts on children's physical, cognitive, and social development, as well as on the quality of human resources in the future. This study aimed to analyze factors related to nutritional status in toddlers with stunting.
Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional analytical design. The sample size was 30 stunted toddlers aged 3-5 years, using a cluster sampling method. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument. Primary data were analyzed using the chi-square statistical test.
Results: The results of the Univariate analysis showed that 90% of toddlers were not LBW, 76.7% did not do IMD, 56.7% of toddlers did not receive exclusive breastfeeding, 96.7% of toddlers did not have ISPA, 50% of toddler mothers had low education, 80% of family income was ≤UMR and 86.7% of families followed CHLB. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between LBW and nutritional status in stunted toddlers (p value = 0.014), while other independent variables did not have a significant relationship.
Conclusion: Analysis of the relationship between low birth weight (LBW) p = 0.014 shows a statistically significant relationship. Analysis of the relationship between Early Breastfeeding Initiation (EBI), Exclusive Breastfeeding, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) incidence, Mother's Education Level, Family Income, and the implementation of Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors (CHLB) with the nutritional status of stunted infants in this study showed no significant relationship, indicating that the provision of EBF to the study participants did not directly influence the nutritional status of stunted infants.

Parenting Style and Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Senior High School Students in Bandung, Indonesia

Juliyanti Juliyanti, Vera Tiara Sany — Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Adolescent mental health problems are increasing and have become a significant public health concern, as adolescence represents a critical developmental transition characterized by physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes. Parenting style is recognized as an important determinant of adolescent mental health. Inappropriate parenting styles, such as authoritarian and permissive approaches, have been associated with emotional problems, including anxiety, depression, and behavioral regulation difficulties.
Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 246 students recruited from five senior high schools in Bandung Indonesia. Adolescent mental health was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), while parenting style was measured using the Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test.
Results: The majority of respondents reported democratic parenting (66.7%), and more than half were classified as having normal mental health status (51.6%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between parenting style and adolescent mental health (p = 0.032; p < 0.05), with a very weak positive correlation (r = 0.136).
Conclusion: Parenting style was significantly associated with adolescent mental health, although the strength of the relationship was very weak. Democratic parenting was associated with more favorable mental health outcomes compared to authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. These findings highlight the importance of collaborative efforts between families and schools to support optimal adolescent psychological development.

The Relationship Between a History of Chronic Energy Deficiency and the Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers Aged 24-59 Months

Erin Desweni, Hafiza Fil Ihsan, Putri Engla Pasalina — Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is 43% among children aged 24-59 months and 41.2% among children aged 12-23 months. The prevalence of stunting in toddlers in West Sumatra in 2020 was 25.6%. The prevalence of stunting in toddlers in Padang City in 2021 was 22.6%. Stunting carries the risk of reduced intellectual potential and impaired growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between a history of anemia during pregnancy, chronic energy deficiency, and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) with the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24-59 months in Balai Gadang Village, within the Air Dingin Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area of Padang City in 2022.
Methods: The type and design of this study were descriptive analytical with a case-control design. This study was conducted in the Air Dingin Community Health Center working area of Padang City from January to March 2022. The population was 1,356 people and the sample size was 25. Sampling was carried out using a consecutive sampling technique. Data analysis was performed bivariately using the chi-square test.
Results: The results of this study indicate a relationship between a history of anemia and the incidence of stunting (p=0.000), a history of Chronic Energy Deficiency (p=0.000), and a history of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of stunting (p=0.000).
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between a history of anemia during pregnancy, Chronic Energy Deficiency, and pre-pregnancy BMI with the incidence of stunting

Effectiveness of Antenatal Exercise on Reducing Back Pain In Pregnant Women In The Second and Third Trimesters

Fani Syinthia Rahmi, Rima Wirenviona, Rahmi Melfa Widodo — Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The prevalence of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester in 2019 globally based on a survey conducted in England and Scandinavia, there were 50% of pregnant women in the third trimester suffering from significant back pain, while in Indonesia the prevalence rate of back pain was 68% of pregnant women with moderate intensity and 32% of pregnant women experiencing back pain with mild intensity. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of antenatal exercise reducing back pain in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters at the Kampung Dalam Community Health Center, Solok Regency in 2025.
Methods: This research type is a Quasy Experiment with the One-Group Pretest – Posttest Design method, conducted from August 2024 to April 2025. The population is all pregnant women in the second and third trimesters at the Kampung Dalam Sub-Health Center. In a total of 16 people with a sampling technique of total sampling. The research instrument uses an observation sheet. Univariate and bivariate analysis using the dependent t-test statistical test.
Results: The results of the study showed that the average back pain before antenatal exercise in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters was 7.13, and the average back pain after antenatal exercise in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters was 4.94. The results of the dependent t-test statistical test showed that the p value = 0.000.
Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is that there is effectiveness of antenatal exercise in reducing back pain in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters at the Kampung Dalam Sub-Health Center in Solok Regency in 2025. It is recommended that health workers improve the quality of health services and educate mothers and families more so that they can be more enthusiastic and routine in doing antenatal exercise in order to provide comfort in the form of reducing back pain in pregnant women.